Appearance
权威医学资料入口
本页待逐步维护。写作时优先选择官方机构、专业协会和临床指南入口。
中文版写作时,先查中国读者实际能用的资料入口,再用国际资料补充校准:
- 中国来源优先看:国家卫生健康委、国家疾控局/中国疾控、国家药监局、市场监管总局、中华医学会和相关专科协会、国家癌症中心、正规三甲医院患者教育资料;
- 国际来源可继续使用:WHO、CDC、NIH、NCI、MedlinePlus、USPSTF、FDA、FTC 等;
- 如果中国指南和美国指南口径不同,中文版正文必须先说明中国口径,不能把美国阈值、热线、监管术语或保险路径直接移植。
初始类别:
- 急症与危险信号;
- 慢病指标与心血管风险;
- 糖尿病、血脂、血压、尿酸;
- 睡眠、心理健康与心理危机;
- 癌症筛查和重大疾病;
- 老年健康、跌倒、认知和用药;
- 保健品、草药和健康消费。
新增来源时,同步更新 shared/source-registry.md。
急症与危险信号
- American Heart Association: Heart Attack, Stroke and Cardiac Arrest Symptoms
- NHLBI/NIH: Heart Attack Symptoms
- CDC: Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
- 国家卫生健康委: 关于应用“12356”全国统一心理援助热线电话号码的通知
- 国家卫生健康委: 心理援助热线技术指南(试行)
- SAMHSA: 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- CDC HEAR HER Campaign: Urgent Maternal Warning Signs and Symptoms
- CDC: About Sepsis
使用说明:这些资料用于校准“什么时候不能再靠阅读和观察”的边界。正文不应把它们改写成自我诊断表,也不应替代当地急救、急诊或医生分诊。
健康寿命与慢病风险
- WHO: Healthy ageing and functional ability
- CDC: Healthy Aging at Any Age
- CDC: About Chronic Diseases
- MedlinePlus: Healthy Aging
使用说明:这些资料用于校准健康寿命、功能能力、健康老龄化和慢病风险框架。正文不应承诺延寿,也不应把公共卫生建议改写成个体化处方。
体检指标与实验室检测
- MedlinePlus: How to Understand Your Lab Results
- 中国高血压防治指南修订委员会: 中国高血压防治指南(2024 年修订版)
- 中国血脂管理指南修订联合专家委员会: 中国血脂管理指南(2023 年)
- 中华医学会糖尿病学分会: 中国 2 型糖尿病防治指南(2020 年版)
- MedlinePlus: Medical Tests
- MedlinePlus: Complete Blood Count
- MedlinePlus: Urinalysis
- MedlinePlus: Kidney Tests
- MedlinePlus: Liver Function Tests
- MedlinePlus: Cholesterol Levels
- MedlinePlus: Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know
- CDC: About High Blood Pressure
- American Heart Association: Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
- CDC: Cholesterol
- American Heart Association: HDL, LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides
- CDC: About Lipoprotein(a)
- CDC: Diabetes Testing
- CDC: A1C Test for Diabetes and Prediabetes
- MedlinePlus: Diabetes Tests
- MedlinePlus: Hemoglobin A1C Test
- MedlinePlus: Uric Acid Test
- MedlinePlus: Platelet Tests
- MedlinePlus: Ketones in Urine
- MedlinePlus: Thyroid Tests
- NIDDK: Chronic Kidney Disease Tests & Diagnosis
- NIDDK: Quick Reference on UACR & GFR
使用说明:这些资料用于校准体检指标、化验结果、血压、血脂、血糖、尿酸、肝肾功能、血常规和尿常规的基础边界。正文不应替读者解释个人报告,也不应提供用药或停药建议。
筛查与体检项目选择
- 中华医学会健康管理学分会、中华健康管理学杂志编辑委员会:健康体检基本项目专家共识(2022)
- USPSTF: Hypertension in Adults: Screening
- USPSTF: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening
- CDC: Cancer Screening Tests
- USPSTF: Breast Cancer: Screening
- USPSTF: Cervical Cancer: Screening
- USPSTF: Colorectal Cancer: Screening
- USPSTF: Lung Cancer: Screening
- USPSTF: Prostate Cancer: Screening
- USPSTF: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening
- USPSTF: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening
- NCI: Tumor Markers
- 国家卫生健康委员会:结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治方案(2024 年版)
使用说明:这些资料用于校准“体检前到底该查什么”的筛查边界。正文不应把筛查建议改写成个体化检查单,也不应把全身 CT、PET-CT、多癌种早筛、肿瘤标志物或基因检测写成普通人越查越好的项目。
代谢、四高与心血管风险
- CDC: About High Blood Pressure
- CDC: About Cholesterol
- American Heart Association: HDL, LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides
- CDC: About Lipoprotein(a)
- CDC: Diabetes Testing
- CDC: Gout
- American Heart Association: What is Metabolic Syndrome?
- American Heart Association: Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health
- CDC: Heart Disease Risk Factors
- CDC: About Coronary Artery Disease
- NHLBI/NIH: Atherosclerosis
- NHLBI/NIH: Heart Attack Causes and Risk Factors
- American Heart Association: Life's Essential 8
使用说明:这些资料用于校准四高、心血管风险因素、动脉粥样硬化和心血管事件链的基础边界。正文不应替读者计算个人风险、解释检查或给出用药建议。
睡眠与恢复
- CDC: About Sleep
- CDC: Benefits of Physical Activity
- CDC: Health Benefits of Physical Activity for Adults
- NHLBI/NIH: Why Is Sleep Important?
- NHLBI/NIH: Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency: How Sleep Affects Your Health
- NHLBI/NIH: Stages of Sleep
- NHLBI/NIH: Insomnia - Treatment
- NINDS/NIH: Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep
- NIH Research Matters: How Sleep Clears the Brain
- NIH Research Matters: Lack of sleep in middle age may increase dementia risk
- MedlinePlus: Insomnia
- MedlinePlus: Neck pain
- FDA: Sleep Problems
- NCCIH/NIH: Relaxation Techniques: What You Need To Know
- NCCIH/NIH: Meditation and Mindfulness: Effectiveness and Safety
使用说明:这些资料用于校准睡眠不足、失眠、日间功能受损、睡眠阶段、睡眠与大脑维护、身体活动与睡眠、CBT-I 的治疗边界、放松和正念技术辅助定位、颈肩疼痛危险信号和何时寻求专业帮助的基础边界。正文不应提供安眠药建议,也不应把睡眠工具、放松技术、冥想、NSDR 或身体松解写成治疗替代品。
大脑、认知与心理健康
- NIA/NIH: Cognitive Health and Older Adults
- CDC: Reducing Risk for Dementia
- CDC: Signs and Symptoms of Dementia
- NIMH: Depression
- NIMH: Anxiety Disorders
- NIMH: My Mental Health: Do I Need Help?
- NIMH: Children and Mental Health
- WHO: Adolescent mental health
- SAMHSA: 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- SAMHSA: Warning Signs of Suicide
- NIMH: Suicide Prevention
- NIMH: Help for Mental Illnesses
- CDC: Managing Stress
使用说明:这些资料用于校准认知变化、心理健康求助、儿童青少年心理健康和危机处理入口。正文不应自测诊断抑郁、焦虑、痴呆或儿童精神心理问题,也不应替代心理健康专业评估。
癌症筛查和重大疾病
- NCI: Cancer Screening Overview
- 国家卫生健康委员会: 结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治方案(2024 年版)
- NCI: What Cancer Screening Tests Check for Cancer?
- CDC: Cancer Screening Tests
- NCI: Types of Cancer Treatment
- NCI: Treatment for Cancer
- NCI: Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
- NCI: Support for Caregivers of Cancer Patients
- NCI: Financial Toxicity and Cancer Treatment
使用说明:这些资料用于校准癌症筛查收益与伤害、诊断治疗边界、治疗副作用、照护者支持和重大疾病经济压力。正文不应给出个体化筛查计划、治疗优先级、费用决策或替代疗法建议。
家庭测量与慢病记录
- CDC: Measuring Your Blood Pressure
- American Heart Association: Home Blood Pressure Monitoring
- CDC: Diabetes Testing
- MedlinePlus: How to Understand Your Lab Results
- HealthIT.gov: The Guide to Getting and Using Your Health Records
- 中国政府网: 《居民电子健康档案首页基本内容(试行)》政策解读
使用说明:这些资料用于校准家庭测量、化验结果理解和健康记录管理。模板页不应提供个人目标值,也不应允许读者根据记录自行调整治疗。
专科就医与按需资料入口
- MedlinePlus: Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service
- MedlinePlus: Choosing a primary care provider
- AHRQ: Be More Engaged in Your Healthcare
- HealthIT.gov: The Guide to Getting and Using Your Health Records
- CDC HEAR HER Campaign: Urgent Maternal Warning Signs and Symptoms
- NIMH: Children and Mental Health
- MedlinePlus: Children's Health
- HealthyChildren.org/AAP: Health Issues
- National Eye Institute: Eye Health Information
- NIDDK/NIH: Bladder Control Problems
- NIAMS/NIH: Back Pain
使用说明:这些资料用于校准专科就医入口、患者沟通、资料准备、孕产危险信号、儿童青少年问题和若干专科资料入口。正文不应替代眼科、骨科、泌尿、产科、妇科、儿科或儿童精神心理专业判断。
健康设备、检测和抗衰消费
- FDA: Home Health and Consumer Devices
- 国家药监局政务服务平台: 境内医疗器械注册查询
- 国家药监局: 医疗器械唯一标识数据库
- 市场监管总局、中消协: 普通食品别信“保健”“治病”宣传
- FDA: Medical Devices
- FDA: Are There "FDA Registered" or "FDA Certified" Medical Devices?
- FDA: Direct-to-Consumer Tests
- FDA: Health Fraud Scams
- FTC: Common Health Scams
- NIH: Clinical Research Trials and You
使用说明:这些资料用于校准医疗器械、家用设备、直接面向消费者检测、健康欺诈和临床研究的边界。正文不应推荐具体产品,也不应把监管状态写成疗效背书。
健康信息与新研究阅读
- MedlinePlus: Evaluating Health Information
- 国家卫生健康委: 官方网站
- 国家药监局政务服务平台: 药品、医疗器械和化妆品相关查询入口
- 市场监管总局: 官方网站
- NCCIH: Finding and Evaluating Online Resources
- NCCIH: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article
- NIH: Health Information
- NIH: Clinical Research Trials and You
- FTC: Common Health Scams
使用说明:这些资料用于校准线上健康信息、科学论文和临床研究阅读。正文不应把单篇新闻或短视频写成行动指南。
保健品与健康消费
- FDA: Dietary Supplements
- 市场监管总局: 保健食品标注警示用语指南
- 市场监管总局、中消协: 普通食品别信“保健”“治病”宣传
- 全国 12315 平台: 投诉举报入口
- FDA: FDA 101: Dietary Supplements
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets
- NCCIH: Dietary and Herbal Supplements
- NCCIH: Using Dietary Supplements Wisely
- FTC: Dietary Supplements
使用说明:这些资料用于校准补剂的监管边界、证据边界、潜在相互作用和消费风险。正文不应逐一推荐产品,也不应把补剂写成治疗替代品。
就医沟通与健康档案
- MedlinePlus: Talking With Your Doctor
- MedlinePlus: Personal Health Records
- AHRQ: Do You Know the Right Questions to Ask?
- HealthIT.gov: The Guide to Getting and Using Your Health Records
- 中国政府网: 《居民电子健康档案首页基本内容(试行)》政策解读
- HealthIT.gov: What's in Your Health Record
使用说明:这些资料用于校准就医前准备、医生沟通、问题清单和健康记录使用。模板页不应替代正式病历、授权文件或医生建议。
家庭健康操作系统、父母沟通与老年照护
- HealthIT.gov: The Guide to Getting and Using Your Health Records
- HealthIT.gov: What's in Your Health Record
- AHRQ: Be More Engaged in Your Healthcare
- CDC: Recommended Vaccines for Adults
- CDC: About Older Adult Fall Prevention
- CDC: STEADI - Older Adult Fall Prevention
- NIA/NIH: Cognitive Health and Older Adults
- MedlinePlus: Taking Multiple Medicines Safely
- MedlinePlus: Older Adult Health
- MedlinePlus: Fall Risk Assessment
- SAMHSA: 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
- FDA: Health Fraud Scams
- FTC: Common Health Scams
使用说明:这些资料用于校准家庭健康资料、就医准备、父母沟通、健康消费底线、老年跌倒、认知、用药和生活能力观察。正文不应替代家庭医生、专科医生、药师、心理危机支持、急救系统或正式照护评估。